PERIODICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL FERMENTED AYURVEDA FORMULATION LOHASAVA

Ayurveda comprises of a range of medicines including the fermented forms specifically Arishtas (fermented decoctions) and Asavas (fermented infusions). Lohasava are derivatives of primitive form of processing of iron i.e. Ayaskriti. The resemblance between the constituents of Lohasava shows the progressive development of Lauhakalpa basing upon fundamental principles of Rasashastra. In this paper details about Lohasava, their different pharmaceutical variations apart from other relevant information have been highlighted. This paper covers all the essential details of Asavarista (classification of Sandhana kalpana, Indication of Sandhana prakriya, S.O.P. For form of Iron to be used etc.) physicians to prescribe and a teacher to educate his pupils about Lohasava

METHODOLOGICAL INSIGHTS IN THE PREPARATION OF NAGA BHASMA

In the present research paper an attempt has been made to introduce standard operating procedure (SOP) for preparation of Naga Bhasma described in Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI) using traditional Puta method. A total 60 Putas were given, out which first 50 Puta were Ardha gajaputa, followed by last 10 Puta as Gajaputa. In this method Manahshila and Kanji were taken as media. Arddha Gaja Puta (burnt with 4 kg Cow dung cake) was given for first 50 puta and the last ten Putas was given Gajaputa (burnt with 8 kg cow dung cake). The percentage increase in the Naga bhasma prepared after 60 Puta was 12%. Upto 50 Puta the increase in weight of Naga was 208%, while in last 10 Putas the percentage of decrease in weight was 63.66%. The average percentage purity of Naga decreased from 93.18% to 81.44% after Shodhana. The percentage of (Pb) Lead in Naga Bhasma 50 Puta and 60 Puta were 14.118% and 14.872 % respectively. Chemically Naga Bhasma was found in the form of PbS form

Using Fuzzy Delphi and Generalized Fuzzy TOPSIS to Evaluate Technological Service Flexibility Dimensions of Internet Malls

The expanding development of technology and availability of the internet is leading a consumer shift from offline to online activity. This shifting behavior shows positive signs for the growth of the e-commerce market but also increases the challenges for the online service provider to provide satisfaction and loyalty to consumers when there is no personal interaction between buyer and seller. In these circumstances, quality, in terms of technology services i.e. web/transaction, can play a significant role for the service provider, especially for internet shopping malls. But there is little material available in current literature to build a theoretical model for web/transaction flexibility dimensions and to rank internet shopping malls on their provision of services to customers. The vagueness of the available information can be tackled by fuzzy theory by employing a Fuzzy Delphi method to finalize technological service dimensions and lead to development of a research model. The final ranking of internet malls has been achieved by utilizing Generalized Fuzzy TOPSIS. The findings of this study can be useful for internet shopping malls in devising strategies to provide a better quality of web/transaction service to customers.N/

PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION OF LAUHA BHASMA

In the present research paper, the pharmaceutical preparation of Lauha bhasma (calcined iron) is being presented. The various procedures adopted in the preparation of Lauha bhasma includes Samanya Shodhana (common purification process for iron) and Vishesha Shodhana (specific purification process for iron), Lauha marana by Bhanupaka (Heating of iron under sunrays) Sthalipaka (Heating of iron in a vessel) and Puta paka (Incineration of iron). Lauha was finally subjected to the process of Amriikaran (nectarization). The process of Puta paka was undergone in electric muffle furnace (EMF) and was repeated for sixty times each under identical conditions, at the temperature of 7500 C till 35th Puta and thereafter at 7000 C till the end of the Marana process i.e. 60 Puta. During the processing of iron, Triphala kwatha (decoction of three myrobalan) has been used as liquid media for Vishesha Shodhana, Bhanupaka, Sthalipaka and Puta paka. The study showed an increase in weight of Lauha after Bhanupaka and Stahlipaka i.e.,, 216% and 105.3%, respectively. It may be due to addition of solid content of Triphala kwatha. After Puta paka, 63%weight gain was observed in final product which may be attributed to addition of ash from Triphala kwatha. The Bhasma obtained fulfils all criteria and was found safe for oral administration

Performance Efficiency Measurement of Airports: A Comparative Analysis of Airports Authority of India and Public Private Partnership

This article describes how to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the aviation sector and also to source extra funding, the Government of India has paved the way for private investors through to a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model since the 1980s. This liberalization step in the Indian aviation market has minimized the institutional barriers which have hindered the freedom and flexibility of air transport operations among private investors. Now, competition within the aviation sector has become fiercer; the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Indian airports are not only providing varied services, but also attracting consumers with new infrastructure and full modern facilities. The importance of this article is because after privatization, no studies have been conducted to examine the efficiency of Indian airports by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). An output-oriented DEA model is employed to determine the efficiency score of airports by taking a sample of 15 airports, including airports run by PPP, for comparison. Output-oriented DEA calculates the efficiency by maximizing the outputs for a given level of inputs. Therefore, this article contributes to the existing literature on Indian airports. Based on available data, three variables - length of runways, terminal size and number of check-in counters, are used as inputs and two variables - passenger movement and aircraft movement, are used as outputs.N

Using entropy and AHP-TOPSIS for comprehensive evaluation of internet shopping malls and solution optimality

Consumers are switching from offline to online to buy everything due to this reason nowadays Internet shopping malls (ISMs) are setting up a very crucial role in the economy. For assessment and ranking are basically a critical work which could be exploitation of Internet shopping malls information resources when consider in a scientific way, there are many methods for the evaluation and ranking of e-commerce sites. Taking into consideration Traffic Rank, Inbound Links, Competition, Speed, and Keyword Statistics, in literature Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are rarely used by the researchers to find the rank of Internet Shopping Malls (ISMs) on the basis of primary/secondary data of these influencing factors. This study, therefore, is unique to narrow down the gap in literature by employing MCDM methods i.e. Entropy and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to collect the weight of influencing factors and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal (TOPSIS) to find the rank of Internet Shopping Malls (ISMs). After finding out the rank of selected criteria, solution optimality needs to be done to find the average ideal solution matrix. Conclusion and managerial implications of the study are also discussed.N/

ROLE OF KANA KAJJALI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AJEERNA (INDIGESTION): AN OPEN CLINICAL STUDY

Ajeerna (Indigestion) is the state of unfinished process of digestion of ingested food. Kana Kajjali is a classical formulation indicated in the treatment of Ajeerna. It is prepared by Kana (Piper longum)- a herbal drug and herbomineral preparation Kajjali (Black sulphide of mercury). In the present study, an effort has been made to assess the effect of herbomineral formulation Samaguna (Hg:S=1:1) Kana Kajjali and Shadadguna (Hg:S=1:6) Kana Kajjali (Black sulphide of Mercury with Piper longum)on indigestion. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 83 patients of indigestion. Patients were divided into three groups with simple random sampling method: Group A was treated with Samaguna Kana Kajjali tablet at the dose of 125 mg; Group B was treated with Kana tablet 250 mg; while group C was treated Shadaguna Kana Kajjali tablet at the dose of 125 mg; twice a day after meal. Duration of the treatment was 10 days. Assessment was done on the basis grading of classical signs and symptoms of the disease with application of paired t- test. Results: Highly significant (p<0.001) effect was seen in Samaguna Kana Kajjali group on symptoms like Angamarda, Tiktoamlodgara and Shadguna Kana Kajjali on one Vataja symptom viz. Pravahanam and three Kaphaja symptom viz. Utlesha, Arochaka and Avipaka with best result with Shadguna Kana Kajjali especially on Kaphaja symptoms. Conclusion: Above study confirms that an increase in the concentration of Gandhaka in Parada enhances the therapeutic efficacy of the later drug

Electronic Consumer Style Inventory: Factor Exploration And Multi-Comparison Analysis

The objective of this research article is to identify the factors of consumer decisionmaking style in the context of electronic purchasing and test the significance of these factors on the basis of gender and age of respondents through multi-comparison analysis. Data for this report came from a survey of consumers (N = 411) with a structured questionnaire design. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), ANOVA and Post-hoc (for multiple comparisons) were used to achieve the objectives of the study. To contribute to an internationally valid and reliable research instrument for consumer decision-making style in the context of electronic purchasing, new constructs were identified, which we will call Electronic Consumer Style Inventory (ECSI). Consistent with the hypotheses, in general, the extracted factors in consumers’ electronic buying decision-making style are found to be significant on the basis of respondent gender and age. Customers’ evaluations of e-service quality are critical to service firms that aim to improve their marketing strategies; consequently, accurate measurement of e-service quality is a major concern for management. The resultant implications of this research are discussed by the authors and can help e-vendors and marketing managers achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in global markets and enhance their performance

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease in an adolescent girl with discoid skin lesion and high serum ferritin - A rare case report from Odisha

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease is a self-limiting disease which frequently appears with fever and lymphadenopathy, thus creating the need for differential diagnosis of persistent febrile lymphadenopathy. Although the cause of Kikuchi’s disease is unknown, some viral or bacterial infections or immunological conditions are attributed to it. It has occasionally been misdiagnosed as lymphoma or tubercular lymphadenitis; hence, clinicians should be made aware of this disease. We report a case of a 14-year-old female child who was presented with fever, rashes, multiple oral ulcers, and lymphadenopathy. The child was diagnosed as Kikuchi disease, on the basis of lymph node histopathology. There was a significant improvement of the clinical picture with oral prednisolone therapy for 2 weeks and tapering over the next 2 weeks

Using Analytic Hierarchy Process To Develop Hierarchy Structural Model Of Consumer Decision Making In Digital Market

In today's electronic era, e-commerce market is a very fast growing market. With the proliferation of the internet and web applications, customers are increasingly interfacing and interacting with web-based applications. They are shifting themselves offline to online which is creating challenging environment for the service providers to meet them according to their customise needs. It is, therefore, not only to find out the important but also to prioritise the factors which influence customer to online purchasing. The main purpose of this study is to develop a Hierarchy Structural Model (HSM) of consumer decision making in the digital marketplace. To achieve the objective of the study, criteria and their sub-criteria are determined through an extensive literature review and a structured questionnaire is prepared to data from experts through a personal interview on the scale of 1 to 9. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision making mathematical tool has been applied for analysis of the importance of each criteria and to develop a hierarchy of criteria for importance. As per weight estimated through HSM modal, the criteria "information and e-service quality" is the most important one followed by the criteria "online reputation" and "incentives and postpurchase" in online purchasing. Online service providers should focus on these essential criteria to enhance their e-service quality, satisfaction and retention consumer and their online reputation